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3500 Pitches a Warning Sign

Don't know if any here saw this but an interesting article on total pitch count (perhaps a truer measure of arm stress) vs. IP impact on performance / health of starters. The link:

http://kobayashibaseball.blogspot.com/2008/02/3500-club.html

Maybe an explanation for Kaz's issues - he was 1 of 8 to exceed this mark in '07.

The author talks of how often this holds from '05 on. I looked back to '00 and it's still a strong correlation - a surprisingly few exceptions of course, and some pitchers have recovered their performance after getting back under the level. Seems to me this makes more intuitive sense than just going by IP counts.  

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Re: 3500 Pitches a Warning Sign
Yep, in fact I did a Q&A with them and found out about it. Surprisingly it seems at least somewhat accurate.

by R.J. Anderson on Mar 24, 2008 7:28 PM EDT reply actions   0 recs

Re: 3500 Pitches a Warning Sign
Soon to join the 3500 pitch non-base clogging club:Aaron Harang, Bronson Arroyo, Johnny Cueto, Josh Fogg and Edinson Volquez

by CubsFanRaysAddict on Mar 24, 2008 7:52 PM EDT reply actions   0 recs

Re: 3500 Pitches a Warning Sign
More than somewhat - for pitchers that exceeded this level from '03 through '06, a case could be made that all but 1 or 2 (Oswalt, Rogers more than 2 seasons' delay from '04 to '07 injury) out of 22 fit the pattern!

Still wait and see on Harang from '06 & '07, Zambrano '05 through '07, though one could argue the latter is declining. And Zito and Livan Hernandez are curious - multiple years of exceeding the mark, only showing declines well after the first heavier workloads.

 

by nyyfaninlaaland on Mar 24, 2008 7:52 PM EDT reply actions   0 recs

Re: 3500 Pitches a Warning Sign
Is there data to support this regarding pitchers from other eras?

by floridaroar on Mar 24, 2008 8:55 PM EDT reply actions   0 recs

Re: 3500 Pitches a Warning Sign
Hard to imagine this kind of workload wasn't the norm in the 4 man rotation days. But then much has changed since then - the 90 MPH fastball wasn't the typical low end then either.

by nyyfaninlaaland on Mar 25, 2008 1:15 AM EDT up reply actions   0 recs

Re: 3500 Pitches a Warning Sign
How do you account for the fact that sustaining success from year to year is HARD for 90% of the league no matter how many pitches you throw? Seems like a very loose theory, but still very interesting

by blazinrayz on Mar 25, 2008 1:53 AM EDT reply actions   0 recs

Re: 3500 Pitches a Warning Sign
Well, it's not my theory, but it's also important to note that we're not talking about run of the mill pitchers here. Only decent pitchers throw this kind of workload - no more than 9 in total in any year back through 2000.

But it's a valid point - the impact should be viewed in an appropriate context.

So I looked at 2007's top 20 ERA pitchers (162 IP needed to qualify) with at least 3 years of significant workloads. Most of them had reasonably consistent or improving performance tracks - only a few showed negative performance blips (I looked at ERA as the indicator) of near or greater than +1 in ERA. Tells me that if the norm among top pitchers is that only about 1 out of 5 show a pattern that 9 out of 10 in the 3500 IP subset show, there might be something to it.

by nyyfaninlaaland on Mar 25, 2008 12:41 PM EDT up reply actions   0 recs

Re: 3500 Pitches a Warning Sign
So is the conclusion that pitchers who get worked more have more of a tendency to perform poorly in the future. I dont think that's news. I'm just trying to figure out how 3500 pitches thrown in 1 season, should be a predictor of future problems. Which is what this article was trying to prove in a way

Kazmir is 160 lbs soaking wet and throws a VERY HARD cutting slider. Kazmir is destined for elbow surgery. Look at David Price. Its hard to imagine him throwing his slider for 15 years without blowing out his elbow, and he has 6 inches and 40 lbs on Kazmir.

What would it say for this 3500 pitch theory if Kazmir posts a sub-3 ERA? I think if he overcomes this elbow strain, he will flirt with that possibility.

What about CC Sabathia? The guy just entered the 3500 pitch club right? Most people think 2007 was his jumpoff, not the begtinning of the end

Carlos Zambrano, Livan Hernandez, Dontrelle Willis, Bronson Arroyo, Barry Zito-- I can list 10 reasons for each of  these guys downfall

I'm not trying to poo poo all over this guy's studies. It looks like he put a lot of hard work in it, and there was a lot of good thought behind it. I just think there is too much adversity facing pitchers nowadays, regardless of innings thrown, to prevent them from stringing together several great seasons. And if they are in that small group, qand they do happen to be an inning eater, I doubt they are seeing dips in production. Look at Randy Johnson, Curt Schilling, Mike Mussina, David Cone, Greg Maddux, Tom Glavine, etc these guys pitched a TON of innings every year

If you go back 20-30-80 years you probably had 100s of guys pitching 3500 pitches every year and posting great year after great year. Pitching was easier then. Hitters were a lot worse

by blazinrayz on Mar 26, 2008 7:31 PM EDT reply actions   0 recs

Re: 3500 Pitches a Warning Sign
The "theory" - I'd call it more an observation - doesn't say Kaz will flame out this year, but this or next. That he's having physical issues right now might be the effect he's speaking of. It was either injury or performance decline, and not necessarily permanent in either case.

There are a number of recent examples of pitchers in this catagory who had good following years, with the effect delayed a season. The underlying premise is that a high pitch workload - we're talking the top 10 in pitches thrown in a season - leads to slippage or injury soon after. The pitching motion is the stresser. More reps mean more stress. That the correlation is so high, and you really need to look at this charted out to see the connection, is the point.

This is not about IP - in 2007 8 pitchers threw over 3500 pitches, but only 4 of them are in the top 10 in IP. And a number of the guys you're citing are examples of the validity of the observation lately.  That some could carry this load for a number of years without consequences  immediately (Zito and Livan as recent examples) is the key contrary fact. Again, this is not a rule, it's a warning sign.  

by nyyfaninlaaland on Mar 27, 2008 6:39 PM EDT up reply actions   0 recs

Re: 3500 Pitches a Warning Sign
"If you go back 20-30-80 years you probably had 100s of guys pitching 3500 pitches every year and posting great year after great year. Pitching was easier then. Hitters were a lot worse"
__________________
This may be true, but I am not sure it is. Posnanski has an article that looks at pitchers who got to 100 wins by the age of 26. While the study is hardly conclusive about anything, there is at least a suggestion that many of those pitchers were worked very hard in their young years and many flamed out pretty early, by ages 28-32 in most cases. Even those few who went on to the HOF, pitchers like Palmer and Hunter, lost much of their effectiveness by the time they were 30. And that pattern holds even for deadball era pitchers.

There are exceptions, and often other explanations for decline. And the study is not about # of pitches per se. But it may be a case of us remembering the exceptions because they were among the very few who were so good, and thus so unusual, rather than remembering the great majority whose careers were cut short by early overuse.

Just for fun, I checked two great pitching staffs from the deadball era: The 1906 Cubs and the 1910 As. Except for Mordecai Brown and Eddie Plank, none are in the HOF, and most are forgotten, but at the time they were ace pitchers winning 20 games with great ERAs even for that era. Except for Plank, not one lasted as a useful starter after age 34.

Here are the pitchers with the last year (age) of real effectiveness:

1906 Cubs:

Brown: 34
Pfiester: 31
Lundgren: 27
Reulbach: 28 (He made a comeback at 32, then faded entirely)
Jack Taylor: 32
Overall: 28

1910 As:

Combs: 29
Cy Morgan: 32
Bender: 30
Plank: He lasted into his late 30s
In 1913, Shawkey was integral to the World Series champs. He was done by age 33.

I am guessing such career arcs were common, but hidden in the bright lights of Walter Johnson, Mathewson and Alexander, the few who avoided arm destruction. And Mathewson was also done at age 33 while his teammates Wiltse (29) and Dummy Taylor (31) were also finished young.

And of course, the saddest story of all, the great Joe Wood who went 34-5 in 344 innings at age 22 and never pitched more than 158 innings in a season again. In 3 years, he was totally washed up as a pitcher.

One of my childhood heroes was Robin Roberts. 6 straight seasons of 20 wins and over 300 IP. Age 28 was his last season as a great pitcher, and although he pitched to age 39, the rest of his career he swung between slightly above league average to significantly worse, with a few somewhat better years mixed in.

by bobr on Mar 26, 2008 11:34 PM EDT reply actions   0 recs

Re: 3500 Pitches a Warning Sign
Good post. Again, I dont think there is any question that overuse causes problems. Also, I agree that every pitcher has a certain amount of "bullets" in the arm, and when they are all used up they are DONE. Whether its over 5 years, or 15 years.

Randy Johnson has pitched 4,000 innings. That is incredibe, and still his back is what always gives him problems, not his arm. Randy Johnson has thrown 1800 innings after the age of 35. And that isn't because he was "saved" in his early years. Other than injury filled years in 2003, 2007, and 1996 and a strike shortened season in 1994, The Unit has been a workhorse his entire career.

David COne threw 2500 innings in 12 years, and never saw a dip in production until the age of 37.

Mike Mussina has been consistent threw 17 years and 3400 innings

I just don't see Kazmir, Sabathia, or Harang falling off or getting hurt because of 3500 pitches thrown last year. If Kazmir gets hurt, its because his throwing style is suscebtible to injury.

I think this theory is saying A (pitcher) + B (throws 3500 pitches in 1 season) = C (blown out arm/loss of ability) and I just think it's too generalized to practically apply it to any individual player ahead of time. If I say it is going to rain July 17th and it does, does that make me a prophet? No, it just means that we live in Florida and it rains everyday during the summer.

Show me why throwing 3500 pitches will make Kazmir less of a pitcher in the next 3 years.

by blazinrayz on Mar 27, 2008 3:03 AM EDT reply actions   0 recs

Re: 3500 Pitches a Warning Sign
Again, this is not about IP. # of pitches data is harder to find, and more IP does correlate to more pitches, but not always. Nobody's using the word "always". But the correlation is high, at least in the last 8 years, that if you exceed this threshold bad things happen.

It's not hard for me to understand this. The act of pitching is stressful - do it more, more stress. More stress, more likely a problem. The number of stress events is much more important than innings. Forget innings - pitchers vary significantly in pitches per IP. Over 200+ IP, the difference mounts.

Not a rule - a warning sign. A high % of correlation, not a 100% occurrance.

I'll spell it out, with the questions, over the '06, '05, and '04 seasons. You can check the info yourself.

'06: B.Arroyo 3851 P's, perf. decline in '07
     B.Zito 3665 P's, decline in '07, but this was 6th straight over 3500.
     D. Willis 3611 P's, decline in '07. 1st over in '05
     C. Zambrano 3626 P's (also '07, '05) not clear yet, slipping?
     A. Harang 3740 P's (again) in '07, not yet, but has until this year
     J. Smoltz 3535 P's, some early shoulder issues, not definitive
     J.Lackey 3512 P's, shoulder issues

'05: L. Hernandez 4009 P's, decline in '06, but exceeded in 5 of 6 seasons
     D. Davis 3726 P's, decline in '06
     C. Capuano 3640 pitches, decline in '06, injury '07
     R. Oswalt 3602, also in '04. Nothing yet. He's first obvious exception not repeat offender
     N. Lowry 3546, decline in '07
'04: M. Buerhle 3696, 3rd straight year, decline in '06, but bounced back
     R. Johnson 3633, decline in '06, injury '07, but this was 4th of 5 prior seasons
     J. Schmidt 3606, injury '05 and on
     B.Sheets 3584 ,injury '05 and on, but exceeded in '02 as well.
     K. Rogers 3505, injured 3 years later, but exceeded in '00, no impact?

A mixed bag but few off scot free. The 1 timers seem worst off, which might make intuitive sense. Spikes worse than consistent high worload more taxing?

Again, not rule, hard to generalize among small sample, but interesting nonetheless.

     

by nyyfaninlaaland on Mar 27, 2008 7:16 PM EDT up reply actions   0 recs

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